William Tang

• Served as Chief Data Center Architect and Owner’s Representative (Advisory) for a hyperscale data center development, providing owner-side technical leadership for a 100 MW campus on ~250 acres, with long-term expansion planning up to 1 GW.
• Advised on campus master planning, modular deployment strategy, and capacity phasing, guiding the project from early development through design and procurement.
• Coordinated cross-border design alignment, supporting China-based design institutes in delivering Texas- and U.S.-compliant designs, and assisting with AHJ reviews and approvals.
• Provided technical guidance on utility interconnection strategy, power capacity planning, and contingency supply approaches, supporting discussions with local utilities and grid stakeholders.
• Advised on cooling and water strategies, including dry cooler + adiabatic misting solutions, balancing efficiency, water constraints, and regulatory requirements.
• Supported energy storage and demand-side management strategies following Texas SB6, including BESS dispatch concepts, grid interaction, and market participation frameworks.

Advised on CapEx / OpEx optimization and total cost of ownership (TCO) at the architectural level

• Appointed as Advisory Chief Technology Officer (CTO), providing strategic and architectural leadership for a hyperscale AI data center platform.
• Advised on the development of an initial 1 GW AI data center campus, leveraging an existing ~1.6 million sq.ft. industrial facility, designed to support ~7,000 high-density AI racks.
• Defined the long-term technical roadmap, targeting 1 GW of capacity per year and scaling toward a 10 GW ultimate build-out, with standardized, repeatable deployment frameworks.
• Provided CTO-level guidance on power and energy architecture, including integration of:
• Utility power intake and long-term capacity planning
• Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems
• 8-hour liquid-cooled battery energy storage systems (BESS)
• Grid-interactive operating strategies
• Advised on full liquid cooling architectures for ultra-high-density AI workloads, aligning facility design with hyperscaler standards.
• Served as a technical advisor to hyperscale clients, including Microsoft and Google, supporting technical alignment and standardization discussions.
• Supported IPO preparation activities, contributing to the technical narrative, scalability assumptions, infrastructure roadmap, and collaborating with finance teams on EBITDA and IRR modeling inputs.
• Assisted executive leadership with investor relations and public market positioning, translating complex infrastructure systems into investment-grade value propositions.

Overall Data Center Architecture & Master Planning

• Responsible for overall data center architecture and system-level planning, including site master planning, building layout, modular deployment strategy, and capacity phasing for AI and modular data centers (MDCs).
• Led early-stage feasibility studies and conceptual planning, defining single-story and dual-story modular configurations based on site constraints, constructability, safety, and long-term scalability.
• Coordinated with utility companies, grid operators, and local authorities on power access, substation-adjacent site development, interconnection strategy, and permitting requirements, particularly for utility-partnered developments in California.
• Defined PUE targets and energy efficiency objectives at the architectural level, aligning IT load assumptions, power topology, and cooling strategy with business, regulatory, and sustainability goals.

Power Distribution Architecture & Energy Strategy

• Led the end-to-end power distribution architecture, integrating utility service, transformers, MV/LV switchgear, generators, UPS systems, PDUs, and battery energy storage into a cohesive and resilient electrical system.
• Developed standardized modular power blocks (typically 0.5 MW and 1–2 MW units) to support phased deployment, rapid replication, and clear fault isolation.
• Designed 2-hour backup and energy storage strategies, enabling:
• Peak shaving and demand charge reduction
• Time-of-use (TOU) energy arbitrage
• Improved grid interaction while maintaining SLA and reliability requirements
• Ensured compliance with U.S. NEC, UL, and ETL standards, while maintaining working knowledge of Chinese national and industry codes, supporting cross-border product development.

Cooling Architecture & Thermal Management

• Defined and optimized cooling architectures for high-density and AI workloads, including air–liquid hybrid and full liquid cooling solutions.
• Led the integration of liquid cooling systems, including CDUs, cold plates, and facility-side cooling infrastructure.
• Designed high-efficiency cooling plants using dry coolers combined with adiabatic misting, significantly reducing energy consumption and water usage.
• Coordinated cooling design with IT load characteristics, rack-level power density, and modular constraints.

Productization & Cross-Border Coordination

• Drove the productization of modular data center solutions, translating architectural concepts into prefabricated and modular design packages.
• Coordinated China-based design, engineering, and manufacturing teams to execute designs aligned with U.S. regulatory and certification requirements.
• Supported clients with drawing reviews, technical coordination, and design optimization.

Strategic Technology Direction

• Continuously evaluated emerging technologies, including 800V HVDC, advanced liquid cooling, waste heat recovery, and next-generation modular systems.
• Translated innovation into code-compliant, commercially viable architectures, balancing cost, risk, and performance.

• 1. Responsible for the Electrical design for Data Centers and other commercial buildings: including one line diagram design, lighting, power, site plan, routing plan, lighting photometric and power layout, etc. 2.Coordination with other trade: coordinate with other trades like Mechanical, Plumbing and FP to make sure the entire system to run pretty well and have the high efficiency. 3. Completely understand NFPA, NEC, IECC and local codes. Page 3 of 5 4. I have worked on many data center projects in the U.S., such as IMDC, Google, and QTS. I am very familiar with their design requirements and electrical system architecture.

• 1. Electrical Design of Data Centers: Oversight of critical elements including the single line diagram, grounding system, lighting design, power system, and rack layout in the electrical design of Data Centers. 2. Coordination of Breakers, Short Circuit, and Arc Flash Study: coordination of breakers to ensure safe operation. Conducting thorough Short Circuit and Arc Flash studies for comprehensive safety assessments. 3. Familiar with any electrical and mechanical device including generator, UPS, lighting, grounding and cooling system.

• 1. English Language Development: Actively continuing to enhance my English skills following my immigration to America. Devoting 8 hours daily to focused English language study. 2. Solar System Specialization: Specializing in solar systems, with a focus on the calculation and installation aspects of solar energy systems.

• 1. Senior Manager and Chief Data Centers Expert: Leading roles in Data Centers with planning, PUE optimization, design, maintenance, operation, delivery, and integration of new energy applications. Proficient in the entire building process, from planning and design to delivery services. 2. Comprehensive Electrical Expertise: Whole knowledge in electrical design, covering various facilities such as air conditioning, fire systems, building automation control systems, and alarm management. 3. Energy Management: Overseeing energy audit, measurement, and postevaluation, with a deep understanding of the energy policies established by the Chinese government. Using the PUE to analyze and control the power consumption of Data Centers. 4. Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Proficiency: Familiarity with a range of mechanical and electrical equipment, including HVAC, HVDC, UPS, racks, mechanical and electrical systems, DCIM, and power distribution 5. The construction and operational cost: Expertise in managing CAPEX/OPEX for Data Centers and construction projects. 6. More than 20 years of Expertise: Possessing 20 years of experience in Data Centers and electrical design, having a robust program management capability. 7. Senior Electrical Designer: Leading the charge in applying new energy concepts to Data Centers and construction projects. Specialized in solar energy system theory and backed by investment experience.

• 1. From May 2002 to April 2009, as a director of the electrical design department, I was responsible for electrical and new energy designing of Data Centers, and participated in some energy policy formulation. 2. As an electrical designer, I am very familiar with all the mechanic and electrical facilities (UPS/AC/DC/Battery/rack/fire alarm, Building automation), power distribution and layout. 3. The projects that I participated include all kinds of constructions, Data Centers, edge room, and hospital, government buildings, malls. 4. In addition, I was also responsible with the design of air conditioning, chilled water system, and air system.